1. Tolerance Grading System: Los ntawm qhov yooj yim Dimensions mus rau Geometric Precision
Thaum tswj qhov kam rau ua ntawm lub tsheb qhov chaw, ob qho tib si qhov ntev precision thiab geometric raug yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Muaj ob hom kev kam rau ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (ISO) thiab cov qauv hauv tebchaws (GB):
kam rau ua qhov loj
Dimensional kam rau ua qhia koj ntau npaum li cas qhov tseeb qhov ntev ntawm ib feem yuav txawv ntawm qhov ntev theoretical. Qib kam rau ua (IT theem) yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no. Muaj 20 qib ntawm IT, los ntawm IT01 txog IT18. Qhov tsawg koj muaj, qhov tseeb nws yog. Piv txwv li, IT7 qib yog siv rau qhov tseem ceeb xws li lub tog raj kheej lub tog raj kheej thaiv thiab cov iav kis tau tus mob thiab muaj kev kam rau siab txog li ± 0.015mm (rau 50mm txoj kab uas hla); IT10 qib yog siv rau qhov chaw uas tsis tas yuav tsum sib phim, xws li brackets thiab connectors, thiab muaj kev kam rau siab txog li ± 0.05mm; thiab IT12 qib yog siv rau qhov chaw uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau meej heev, zoo li lub plhaub thiab npog, thiab muaj qhov kam rau ua ntau yam uas tuaj yeem so mus rau ± 0.1mm.
Piv txwv li, H7 qhov kam rau ua ntau yam yog 0 txog +0.025mm thaum qhov loj me yog 32mm thiab 0 txog +0.015mm thaum qhov loj me yog 10mm. Txoj kev muab qhab nia no ua kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom ua haujlwm sib txawv yog qhov tseeb thiab pheej yig.
Tolerance hauv geometry
Geometric thiab positional tolerances (GD&T) muab kev txwv ntau npaum li cas qhov chaw tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm lawv cov duab, xws li ncaj, tiaj tus, puag ncig, lossis coaxial lawv li cas. Piv txwv li:
Txhawm rau kom lub cav crankshaft qhov sib npaug sib npaug, qhov sib npaug ntawm lub voj voog yuav tsum tau khaws cia li ntawm 0.01 hli;
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib sau ua ke, qhov kev ua siab ntev ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog ib txwm yuav tsum yog <0.05mm.
Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias cov lus tsa suab yog qhov ruaj khov, qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.02mm.
2. Ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog los ntawm lub cav mus rau lub cev.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cav
Lub tog raj kheej thaiv thiab lub taub hau: Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias lub cav ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab haum ua ke kom raug, qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum yog <0.03mm thiab qhov tso siab rau ntawm lub qhov system yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02mm;
Piston thiab txuas pas nrig: Lub piston tiab txoj kab uas hla kam rau ua yog ib txwm IT6 qib (± 0.01 hli), thiab lub taub hau me me lub taub qhov siab siab yog H7 qib (0 txog +0.015 mm) kom paub tseeb tias lawv haum ua ke nrog kev sib txhuam me me.
Valve thiab phau ntawv qhia: Lub valve qia txoj kab uas hla kam rau ua yog h6 theem (+0.018/-0.003mm), phau ntawv qhia lub puab lub qhov kam rau siab yog H7 theem, thiab qhov haum clearance yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 0.02 thiab 0.05mm kom paub tseeb tias lub zog yog txhim khu kev qha ntawm kub kub.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis
Iav: Txhawm rau txiav cov suab nrov, lub iav nrog module 3 yuav tsum muaj cov hniav tuab ntawm <0.03mm thiab cov hniav profile kam rau ua tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.01mm;
Qhov chaw ntawm cov ncej: Txhawm rau kom muaj zog sib kis tau zoo, lub radial runout kam rau ua nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv nkag thiab cov khoom tso tawm yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015mm, thiab qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03mm.
Plhaub: Txhawm rau kom cov iav tsis tau tawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo, lub qhov hauv qhov chaw sib kis yuav tsum muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab ntawm tsawg dua 0.05mm.
Qhov chaw ntawm lub chassis thiab lub cev
Kev ncua kev kaw lus: Lub caj npab tswj aperture muaj qhov ua siab ntev ntawm H8 (0 rau +0.03mm), thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub pob sib koom tus pin thiab lub liner yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 0.05-0.1mm kom tuav thiab kev nplij siab hauv kev sib npaug.
Steering system: Cov phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub kauj tsheb yuav tsum muaj qhov ua siab ntev ntawm H7 qib (+0.03/-0mm), thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab iav yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.08mm kom paub tseeb tias lub kauj yog qhov tseeb.
Npog rau lub cev ntawm lub tsheb: Txhawm rau kom lub qhov rooj qhib thiab kaw kom zoo, lub qhov rau lub qhov rooj pob khawm yuav tsum muaj qhov tso siab ntev ntawm <0.2mm. Tom qab vuam lub cev dawb, tag nrho qhov ntev ntev yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ± 1.5 hli kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev tshem tawm kom zoo nkauj yog txawm tias.
3. Los ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej txiav nrog siab precision
Lub tsib -axis linkage machining center tuaj yeem tso cov khoom nrog qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.005mm, ua rau nws zoo rau kev txiav qhov nyuaj.
Pob zeb diamond txiav cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej txiav nrog cov hlau tawv tawv tuaj yeem nyob ntev dua thiab nyob twj ywm tib yam.
Laser interferometers thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas hauv online tuaj yeem ua qhov muag ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuam kev hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab ua tiav kaw - voj tswj.
Kev them nyiaj rau qhov kub thiab txias
Lub rooj cob qhia nrog qhov kub thiab txias (qhov kub ntawm ± 2 degree) tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal deformation ntawm qhov tseeb;
Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais ntawm kev vibration tuaj yeem txo qhov kev co ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag roughness zoo dua (Ra Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.4 μ m).
Quality Control hauv Digital
Nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.001mm, lub tshuab ntsuas kev sib koom tes (CMM) tuaj yeem pom cov duab geometric kam rau ua. Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem (SPC) software tuaj yeem saib cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, kwv yees li cas kev kam rau siab yuav hloov lub sijhawm, thiab hloov cov txheej txheem ua ntej.
